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Moi rebelle6/15/2023 ![]() Additional constructs that are similar to the anti-ought-to self are presented, along with sample questionnaire items for most of these constructs: the rebellious self, grit, buoyancy, resilience, and flow. Additionally, studies that use the anti-ought-to self concept to interpret results are presented, as are representative articles in the current TDFLE volume that bring to light the darker side of resistance, amotivation. Potential measurements of and data collection tools for the anti-ought-to self are also discussed, along with studies that have used such measurements and tools. ![]() This self is conceptualized as one of the selves in Dörnyei’s L2 Motivational Self System (L2MSS) that incorporates psychological reactance (Brehm, 1966) and a dominant learner profile. ![]() ![]() This article provides an overview of the anti-ought-to self, a self that thrives on resisting social expectations and perceiving challenging situations in a positive light. ![]()
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